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Contents Introduction Chapter 1Age in language learning 1.1. The effects of age 1.1.1. The route of acquisition 1.1.2. The rate in language learning 1.1.3. The issue of success in language acquisition 1.1.3.1. Proficiency in pronunciation 1.1.3.2. Proficiency in grammar 1.2. Explanations of age differences 1.2.1. Biological factors and the critical period hypothesis 1.2.2. Cognitive explanations 1.2.3. Affective explanations 1.2.4. Language environment differences Chapter 2 Motivation and its role in language teaching 2.1. Extrinsic motivation 2.2. Intrinsic motivation 2.3. Motivating children 2.4. Motivating adolescents 2.5. Motivating adults Chapter 3 The study 3.1. Aim and procedure 3.2. Subjects 3.3. Results 3.3.1. Children…